Impact of Smoking on Ocular Health

Priyavadhana R. V.¹, B. Optom Student,
Narmadha R.², Assistant Professor

^1,2Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Trichy, India

 

Smoking is widely known to be harmful to the body, but many people do not realise just how deeply it can affect eye health. Smoking not only causes respiratory problems and heart disease, but it also puts your eyes at serious risk for a variety of conditions that can lead to long-term damage and vision loss. ⁽¹⁾

Condition that Affects the Eye Due to Smoking

Figure 1: Effects of Smoking on Eyes

Glaucoma

The link between smoking and glaucoma is biological, according to an experimental study. Smoking immediately increases intraocular pressure by about 5 mmHg, according to studies on aqueous humour dynamics. ⁽¹⁾

Age-related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

Smoking can lead to atherosclerosis and hypoxia in the choroidal vasculature, which can lead to disciform macular degeneration. The retinal pigment epithelium may be affected by choroidal neovascularisation. ⁽¹⁾

Cataract

Smoking may indirectly increase oxidative stress in the lens by reducing the consumption of antioxidant-rich substances like nicotinamide and ascorbic acid. Furthermore, substances included in cigarette smoke or its byproducts, such as isocyanate or cadmium, have the potential to directly or structurally harm lenses. ⁽¹⁾

Dry Eye Syndrome

Smoking may change corneal and conjunctival sensitivity and tear stability. Burning and a feeling of a foreign body have also been linked to smoking-related eye discomfort. ⁽¹⁾

Ocular Conditions	Impact of Smoking
Glaucoma	Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)
ARMD	Atherosclerosis and hypoxia in choroidal vasculature
Cataract	Increased oxidative stress in the lens
Dry Eye Syndrome	Changes in corneal sensitivity and tear stability

Table 1: Impact of Smoking on Eyes (Created by the Author)

How to Control Smoking?

1. Examine nicotine replacement treatment: After stopping smoking, nicotine withdrawal may result in headaches, mood fluctuations or decreased energy. According to studies, using nicotine patches, gum and lozenges while concurrently participating in a quit-smoking program increases your chances of success. Some medications might reduce cravings, and other medications can alleviate withdrawal symptoms, such as depression or difficulty focusing. ⁽²⁾
2. Eat fruits and veggies: Cigarettes prevent vital elements like calcium and vitamins C and D from being absorbed. One cigarette, for instance, depletes the body of around 25 milligrams of vitamin C. A nutrient-rich diet supports both systemic and ocular health. ⁽²⁾
3. Learn about prescription pills and lifestyle balance: Do not try to diet aggressively while you give up cigarettes. Too much deprivation can easily backfire. Try to consume more fruits, veggies, nutritious grains and lean protein instead, and keep things simple. These are good for your whole body and support recovery from the effects of smoking. ⁽²⁾

Tips to Improve Ocular Health

Maintaining good eye health involves a healthy lifestyle and specific practices. Regular eye exercises can enhance visual attention and strengthen ocular muscles. Quitting smoking is crucial, as it increases the risk of vision loss. Sunglasses protect against harmful UV rays, and keeping eyes clean is vital to prevent pain and infection.

To reduce digital eye strain, limit screen time and use a warm compress for comfort. Avoid wiping your eyes to prevent infection or injury. Taking breaks while reading is important to avoid strain, and a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals supports strong vision. Additionally, managing chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension is essential for long-term eye health.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is well recognised that smoking has detrimental impacts on eye health, which should be carefully considered. Several eye conditions, such as dry eye syndrome, cataracts, ARMD and glaucoma, have been consistently connected to cigarette smoking. By raising awareness, aiding in quitting, and implementing efficient tobacco control measures, we may endeavour to enhance ocular health outcomes and contribute to a healthier future for people worldwide. ⁽⁷⁾

 

References

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