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Telehealth Approach in Neuro-Ophthalmic Conditions

by | Oct 1, 2025 | Manuscripts | 0 comments

Kristi Sharma, M. Optom.

Education Engagement Manager, Vision Science Academy

 

Neuro-ophthalmic conditions, which involve the optic nerve, brain, and their connection to the visual system, often present complex challenges for diagnosis and management. These conditions require careful evaluation and monitoring to prevent vision loss and neurological damage. (1) Traditionally, these conditions have necessitated visits to specialised neuro-ophthalmologists, often requiring patients to travel long distances for consultations, diagnostic tests, and treatment.

Teleophthalmology is a transformative tool that is reshaping the landscape of healthcare delivery, especially in the diagnosis and management of neuro-ophthalmic conditions. By leveraging telemedicine, teleophthalmology provides patients with greater access to specialised eye care, helps streamline diagnoses, and enhances ongoing monitoring, all without the need for frequent in-person visits. (2) This technology is poised to play an integral role in neuro-ophthalmic care, improving both patient outcomes and the efficiency of healthcare systems.

What is a Neuro-Ophthalmic Condition?

  • Optic Neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve, often seen in conditions like Multiple Sclerosis (MS). (3)
  • Papilledema: Swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure, often indicating serious conditions like Brain Tumours or Hydrocephalus. (4)
  • Visual Field Defects: Loss of vision in specific areas of the visual field, which can be indicative of damage to the optic nerve or brain. (5)
  • Neuromyelitis Optica: A rare autoimmune disorder that affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. (6)
  • Optic Neuropathies: Various conditions that damage the optic nerve, affecting vision. (7)

How Teleophthalmology is Revolutionising Neuro-Ophthalmic Care

Teleophthalmology, which combines telemedicine and ophthalmology, uses digital platforms to deliver eye care services remotely. It involves high-resolution imaging, video consultations, and data sharing between patients and healthcare providers. The integration of teleophthalmology in managing neuro-ophthalmic conditions has the potential to revolutionise care, especially for patients in remote or underserved regions. (8) Here is how teleophthalmology is improving neuro-ophthalmic care:

1. Remote Monitoring of Visual Pathway Health

Neuro-ophthalmic conditions often require long-term monitoring, particularly to track changes in visual fields, optic nerve health, and any progression of neurological damage. Traditionally, patients would need to visit specialised clinics for visual field testing, optic nerve imaging (e.g., Optical Coherence Tomography), and other diagnostic tests. However, with teleophthalmology, these tests can be conducted remotely, and the results can be transmitted to specialists for evaluation. (9,10)

  • Visual Field Testing: Remote visual field testing is a powerful tool for assessing neurological conditions that affect the visual pathway. Specialised softwares and devices can be used to assess changes in the patient’s peripheral and central vision from their home. The results are sent directly to the neuro-ophthalmologist, who can track disease progression and adjust treatment plans accordingly.
  • Optic Nerve Imaging: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) can be used to obtain high-resolution images of the optic nerve. With teleophthalmology, patients can visit local clinics with OCT devices, and images are securely transmitted to neuro-ophthalmologists for analysis. This technology allows for remote monitoring of conditions such as optic neuritis or papilledema.

2. Faster Diagnosis and Early Intervention

Timely diagnosis is critical in neuro-ophthalmic conditions, as delays in treatment can lead to irreversible vision loss or permanent neurological damage. Teleophthalmology accelerates the diagnostic process by enabling remote consultations and the immediate sharing of diagnostic images and test results between patients and specialists. (2,11)

For example, patients with Optic Neuritis or Papilledema, conditions that require urgent intervention to prevent further vision loss, can benefit from teleophthalmology’s ability to facilitate rapid consultations. If an optometrist notices suspicious symptoms, they can transmit retinal images, OCT scans, and even visual field test results to a neuro-ophthalmologist, who can then provide a diagnosis and treatment plan almost instantly.

3. Reducing the Need for In-Person Visits

For patients with chronic neuro-ophthalmic conditions, regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor disease progression, adjust medications, and manage symptoms. Traditionally, these patients might need to make frequent trips to specialised clinics, which can be time-consuming and costly. Teleophthalmology eliminates the need for many in-person visits, saving patients time, money, and travel. (11,12)

In addition, teleophthalmology can be particularly beneficial for individuals with mobility issues or those living in rural or underserved areas, where access to specialised care may be limited. By reducing travel requirements, teleophthalmology brings specialised neuro-ophthalmic care directly to the patient’s doorstep. (11,12)\

4. Collaboration Between Specialists

Neuro-ophthalmic conditions often require a multi-disciplinary approach, with input from optometrists, neurologists, ophthalmologists, radiologists, and sometimes, neurosurgeons. (13,14) Teleophthalmology enhances collaboration between these specialists by providing a platform for sharing diagnostic data, test results, and treatment plans in real time. This integrated approach allows for more effective care coordination and ensures that all aspects of a patient’s condition are addressed. (13,14)

For example, a neuro-ophthalmologist can share imaging results with a neurologist to assess whether a condition like multiple sclerosis is affecting the visual pathway. Simultaneously, the data could be reviewed by a radiologist to ensure that no other underlying neurological conditions are present.

5. Patient Education and Support

Living with a neuro-ophthalmic condition can be overwhelming for patients, as it often requires navigating complex treatment regimens, ongoing monitoring, and managing the psychological impact of vision impairment. Teleophthalmology platforms can offer educational resources, remote counselling, and peer support groups, helping patients understand their condition, treatment options, and coping strategies. (15)

Virtual consultations provide an opportunity for patients to ask questions, express concerns, and receive personalised guidance on managing their condition, making them feel more empowered in their healthcare journey. (15)

Figure 1: Children Using Digital Devices

Challenges and Considerations

While teleophthalmology offers immense benefits, there are several challenges that need to be addressed:

  • Technology Access: Remote consultations and diagnostic tests require reliable internet access and the appropriate devices, which may be a barrier for some patients, particularly those in low-income or rural areas. (16)
  • Data Privacy and Security: Ensuring that patient data is transmitted securely is critical, especially when dealing with sensitive medical information. Platforms must comply with privacy regulations such as HIPAA to protect patient confidentiality. (16)
  • Clinical Validation: Not all teleophthalmology tools and devices have been clinically validated for neuro-ophthalmic conditions. Ensuring that remote diagnostic tools are accurate and reliable is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. (16)

The Future of Teleophthalmology in Neuro-Ophthalmic Care

The future of teleophthalmology in neuro-ophthalmic conditions is promising. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect the development of more advanced tools and platforms that enable real-time remote diagnostics, improved AI-assisted analysis of diagnostic images, and enhanced virtual consultations. (17,18)

Furthermore, the integration of teleophthalmology with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning could revolutionise the way neuro-ophthalmic conditions are diagnosed and managed. (17,18) AI algorithms could assist in detecting subtle changes in visual fields or optic nerve health, allowing for earlier intervention and more personalised care.

Figure 2: Benefits of AI Integration in Telehealth

Conclusion

Teleophthalmology is transforming the way neuro-ophthalmic conditions are diagnosed and managed. By providing remote access to specialised care, enhancing diagnostic capabilities, and enabling real-time collaboration between specialists, teleophthalmology is improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare disparities. As technology continues to advance, it holds the potential to further revolutionise neuro-ophthalmic care, making it more accessible, efficient, and effective for patients worldwide.

With teleophthalmology, patients with neuro-ophthalmic conditions no longer have to navigate their vision and neurological health alone, specialised care is just a click away.

References

  1. Majeed, H. A., Al-Rubiay, Y., Abbas, A. A., Al Nuaimi, M. E., Khammas, H. M., Alsaedi, Z. A., Al Jammal, A. M., Abdlhasn, M. M., Abdul-Gaffar, A. M., Mohammed, O. S., Abbood, Z. B., Badr, B. D., Fahad, Z. K., Abd-Alzahra, H. A., Al-Dabbag, H. S., Mahmood, L., Al-Qaseer, M. F. T., Al-Khafaji, Z. N. H., & Shareef, L. (2024). An overview of neuro-ophthalmic disorders at Jenna Ophthalmic Center, Baghdad, Iraq (2021-2022). Journal of medicine and life, 17(1), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.25122/jml-2023-0499
  2. Yuen, J., Pike, S., Khachikyan, S., & Nallasamy, S. (2022). Telehealth in ophthalmology. Europe PMC
  3. Guier CP, Kaur K, Stokkermans TJ. (2025). Optic Neuritis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557853/
  4. Rigi, M., Almarzouqi, S. J., Morgan, M. L., & Lee, A. G. (2015). Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical management. Eye and brain, 47-57.
  5. Visual Field Defects. (2022). Pulsenotes.
  6. Jarius, S., Paul, F., Weinshenker, B. G., Levy, M., Kim, H. J., & Wildemann, B. (2020). Neuromyelitis optica. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 6(1), 85.
  7. 7.Behbehani, R. (2007). Clinical approach to optic neuropathies. Clinical Ophthalmology, 1(3), 233-246.
  8. Moss, H. E., Lai, K. E., & Ko, M. W. (2020). Survey of telehealth adoption by neuro-ophthalmologists during the COVID-19 pandemic: benefits, barriers, and utility. Journal of neuro-ophthalmology, 40(3), 346-355.
  9. Dolar-Szczasny, J., Drab, A., & Rejdak, R. (2024). Home-monitoring/remote optical coherence tomography in teleophthalmology in patients with eye disorders—A systematic review. Frontiers in Medicine, 11, 1442758.
  10. McLaughlin, D. E., Savatovsky, E. J., O’Brien, R. C., Vanner, E. A., Munshi, H. K., Pham, A. H., & Grajewski, A. L. (2024). Reliability of visual field testing in a telehealth setting using a head-mounted device: a pilot study. Journal of glaucoma, 33(1), 15-23.
  11. Conway, M. P., Forristal, M. T., Treacy, M. P., & Duignan, E. S. (2021). Investigating the role of optometrists in teleophthalmology and the implications of increasing access to advanced imaging techniques and digital referral: a systematic search and review. Telemedicine and e-Health, 27(9), 974-981.
  12. Sreelatha, O. K., & Ramesh, S. V. (2016). Teleophthalmology: improving patient outcomes?. Clinical ophthalmology, 285-295.
  13. Beauregard, D., Schiffman, J. S., & Tang, R. (1999). Collaborative telemedicine between optometry and ophthalmology: an initiative from the University of Houston. In The Impact of Telemedicine on Health Care Management (pp. 173-178). IOS Press.
  14. Kadam, Y., Dagli, N., Venugopal, R., Raj, S., & Goel, S. (2025, September). Global Trends and Emerging Themes in Tele-Ophthalmology Research: A Bibliometric Analysis (1993 to 2024). In Seminars in Ophthalmology (pp. 1-11). Taylor & Francis.
  15. Sharma, M., Jain, N., Ranganathan, S., Sharma, N., Honavar, S. G., Sharma, N., & Sachdev, M. S. (2020). Tele-ophthalmology: need of the hour. Indian journal of ophthalmology, 68(7), 1328-1338.
  16. Vazirani, J. (2020). Commentary: Teleophthalmology: Opportunities and challenges. Indian journal of ophthalmology, 68(7), 1379-1380.
  17. Nikolaidou, A., & Tsaousis, K. T. (2021). Teleophthalmology and artificial intelligence as game changers in ophthalmic care after the COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus, 13(7).
  18. Ramessur, R., Raja, L., Kilduff, C. L., Kang, S., Li, J. P. O., Thomas, P. B., & Sim, D. A. (2021). Impact and challenges of integrating artificial intelligence and telemedicine into clinical ophthalmology. The Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology, 10(3), 317-327.

 

 

 

About the Author

 

Kristi Sharma is a Master of Optometry with a clinical research expertise in Teleophthalmology. She currently works as an Education Engagement Manager at Vision Science Academy and has curated and tutored an extensive course on Tele-optometry. She has published a number of scientific blog articles in the past 5 years and aspires to continue contributing significantly in the domain of ophthalmic research and writing.

 

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