Zerin M Mollah. B.Optom
Student, Ridley College of Optometry, Assam, India
Introduction
Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a ground-breaking technology, transforming the way we experience and interact with digital content. As we marvel at the immersive worlds VR can create, it is essential to consider the potential impact on eye health, a concern supported by many studies.
Understanding the Mechanics & Components:
VR systems basically include both hardware and software components. (Figure 1) The hardware primarily consists of input and output devices, while the software includes VR engine, open platform, and 3D modelling.(1) VR headsets use stereoscopic displays to create a 3D illusion, mimicking the way our eyes perceive depth in the real world. However, prolonged exposure to these intense visual stimuli raises concerns about the long-term effects on eye health, both physically and visually. (Table 1)
Table 1: Physical ergonomics associated with VR use (2-8)
Components | Outcome/Associations |
---|---|
1. Pressure |
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2. Muscle fatigue |
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3. Thermal comfort |
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Visual ergonomics associated with VR use
a) Prolonged VR use and eye strain:
Extended VR sessions can lead to eye strain, a common issue associated with prolonged screen time. The convergence and accommodation demand in VR does contribute to these issues. Studies shows, higher SSQ (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire) scores in participant viewing stereoscopic 3D (S3D) with VR device than participant using other devices (10)
b) Blue light emission and sleep disruption:
Blue light exposure before bedtime could suppress melatonin production which impacts sleep quality. As VR headsets emit significant amount of blue light, understanding and mitigating its effects on circadian rhythms are essential considerations for users (11)
c) Impact of VR on binocular vision:
Accommodation and vergence systems are commonly affected after virtual reality exposure. A lead in accommodation and reduced convergence amplitude along with exophoric shift is closely associated as a consequence of VR gaming (12)
d) Virtual reality and dry eye:
Blink rate dynamic could be affected due to excessive use of digital screens. (13,14) Decreased blink rate, leading to reduced tear production and dry eye discomfort. VR developers are increasingly incorporating features to remind users to take breaks, promoting healthier eye habits.
Future recommendation in VR technology for eye health improvement
- Enhancement of VR hardware system such as increase in display resolution and latency reduction could reduce VR related symptoms
- A future approach in customising HMD as per personal requirements such as proper head circumference measurements and improvising the light leakage caused due to improper size, could provide a more satisfactory means
- Refinement of the VR design guidelines such as content, speed of watching it and dynamic effect of the interface could provide a future better insight
Conclusion
Virtual reality does open new dimensions of entertainment, communication, and education, though the benefits are undeniable but technological advancement and responsible use are necessary to address the concern surrounding eye health. Balance between the innovative potential of VR and the well-being of our eyes can be maintained by incorporating user friendly features and promoting awareness.
Reference
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